2. go down the drain: * Our investment has gone down the drain.
3. have a flat tire/ change a flat tire
4. include: * The packages includes a four-night stay at a five star hotel.
including: * Four actors, including John, have been nominated for the Academy Award.
included: *Many people, my brother included, believes that there may be life elsewhere in the universe.
inclusive: * The five-star hotel is NT$5000 per night, inclusive of all taxes and service charges.
5. profession: * John is a doctor by profession.
6. job, work, profession, career, occupation
7. do one's military service= serve in the army
8. at one's service: *If you need anything, I'm at your service.
1. ill adj. 生病的；不舒服的
• Grandpa is ill and has to be taken to the
hospital. I hope he will get well soon.
字詞搭配
(1) feel ill 感到不適
(2) be taken ill/fall ill 病倒
(3) ill at ease 侷促不安的
• I felt ill at ease when
talking to our principal.
illness n. [C,U] 疾病；病
• It was hard for Matt to
accept the fact that his pet dog had died of a sudden illness.
• Josh missed a lot of school
due to illness (→because of illness) last
semester.
延伸補充
比較illness,
disease, sickness的區別：
(1) illness：泛指生理或心理上的疾病，也可表示身體或心理不適的狀態或病期。
• Sometimes, feeling blue can turn out to be a serious
mental illness.
(2) disease：多指影響身體器官的特定疾病，或是具傳染性的疾病。
• It is believed that smoking and lack of exercise are
among the causes of heart disease.
(3) sickness：多指和工作、環境有關的病痛和症狀。
motion sickness 暈車；暈機；暈船
seasickness 暈船
2. drain vt. 排空；使流出
• Joe drained the water from the fish
tank. He wanted to clean it (out).
字詞搭配
drain away 枯竭；排乾
• The patient’s life is
draining away.
drain n. [C] 排水管
• The drain in the kitchen was blocked.
字詞搭配
go down the drain 變得很糟糕；被浪費掉
• Our investment has gone
down the drain.
3. flat adv. 水平地
• That new style of sofa bed
can be folded flat.
flat adj. 平的；平臥的；斷然的
字詞搭配
(1) have a flat tire 輪胎沒氣
(2) change a flat tire 換輪胎
(3) a flat refusal 斷然拒絕
flat n. [C] 公寓（英式說法，美式稱apartment）
• They rent a flat in downtown London.
4. including prep. 包含在內
include vt. 包括；包含
• The tour package includes a four-night stay at a
five-star hotel.
延伸補充
(1) include不用在進行式，而including是介系詞，通常位於名詞前，意思為「包括」，用來表示舉例或列舉。
• Four actors, including
John, have been nominated for the Academy Award.
(2) included放在名詞之後：
• Many people, my brother
included, believe that there may be life elsewhere in the universe.
inclusive adj. 包含的
• The five-star hotel is
NT$5,000 per night, inclusive of all taxes and service charges.
注意 S + V, including + N(P)
→ S + V, N(P) + included
→ S + V, inclusive of + N(P)
5. profession n. [C] 職業；專業
• Sammy has always wanted to
go into a profession that will improve people’s quality
of life.
字詞搭配
(1) the medical/teaching/legal profession 醫療／教育／司法界
• The aim of people in the
medical profession is to improve people’s health.
(2) by profession 以……為業
• John is a doctor by
profession.
延伸補充
表示「工作」的英文用字：
(1) job：最通俗的字，任何工作都可稱之為job。如：a
job at the bank, lose one’s job。
(2) work：用法與job相近，但須留意work為不可數名詞。如：look for work/a job。
(3) profession：所指的職業多涉及專業知識和技術。
(4) career：是指特別領域、且做很久的工作，多指終生志業。如：a career in
teaching。
(5) occupation：是比較正式的字，在填履歷表時，職業欄用字就是 occupation。
professional n. [C] 專業人士；專家
professional adj. 職業的；專業的
• If you are a heavy smoker,
you may need some professional help
to break this bad habit.
6. military adj. 軍事的
字詞搭配
do one’s military service 服兵役 同 serve in
the army
military n. (sing.) 軍隊；軍方
7. service n. [U,C] 服務；效勞；幫助
字詞搭配
(1) at one’s
service 隨時可供使用或幫助
• If you need anything, I am at your service.
(2) be of
service to sb. 對某人有助益
• It always fills my heart with happiness to see that I
can be of service to others.
serve vi. vt. 服務；供應；用作；服（刑）
• Dinner is served at 7 p.m.
字詞搭配
(1) serve as 當作；可用作
(2) serve time 服刑
(3) serve sb.
right 某人活該
• For years Thomas had been
stealing money from his company. It served him right to get caught.
servant n. [C] 僕人
8. overlook vt. 俯視
• My office window overlooks downtown Taipei.
overlook vt. 忽略；忽視；寬恕
‧ Being too busy, we often overlook all
sorts of warning signals about our health.
‧ My dad decided to overlook my
mistake because I didn’t break the vase on purpose.
延伸補充
比較overlook, neglect, ignore的區別：
(1) overlook：因為粗心草率而沒有注意
• Leo overlooked some small
details in the contract, and that led to a loss of several million dollars.
(2) neglect：有意或無意地忽略應該留意的事情（多為職責）
• Jackson was fired for
neglecting his duties.
(3) ignore：故意視而不見；不予理會
• If my neighbor continues to
ignore my complaints about the loud noise, I will call the police.
9. couple n. [C] 一對（情侶或夫妻）
• That couple has/have no children.
couple n. [C] 幾個；一些
• I’ve met the girl a couple of times, but I do not know her
name.
10. stroll vi. 散步
延伸補充
比較walk, stroll, tiptoe, roam, wander的區別：
(1) walk：指的是「走路」，純指走路的動作。
• They walked along the bank.
(2) stroll：為「散步」，多是指帶著悠閒的步調。
• They strolled through the
woods.
(3) tiptoe：為「踮腳走路」，當名詞時指「腳尖」，所以當動詞時表示「用腳趾
踮腳走路」。
• Because I came home late, I
tiptoed to my bedroom.
(4) roam：指「閒逛、漫步、流浪」。
• Many people are roaming the
streets.
(5) wander：指「動作很慢、沒目的地遊蕩」。
• The tramp wandered anywhere
he liked.
stroll n. [C] 散步
• Sam and Judy took a stroll home after they watched the movie.
11. distance n. [C,U] 距離
• There is a great park just
within walking distance（走路可到的距離）of my house.
字詞搭配
(1) from a
distance 從遠處
• Taipei 101 can be seen from a distance.
(2) in the
distance 在遠處
• I can see the lights of the village in the distance.
(3) keep sb. at
a distance 對某人冷淡；疏遠某人
• After her quarrel with John, May has kept him at a
distance.
(4) keep a safe
distance 保持安全距離
• When you are driving, you have to keep a safe distance
between your car and the car
in front of you.
(5) distance education/learning 遠距教育／學習
distant adj. 遠方的；遠離的
• George is a distant relative（遠親）of mine. We only see each other at family reunions.
12. description n. [C,U] 描述；描寫
字詞搭配
(1) give a description of 描述
• The witness was asked to
give a description of what he had seen.
(2) beyond description 無法描述；難以描述
• A bomb destroyed the whole
building and killed dozens of people. The scene of the explosion was horrible
beyond description.
describe vt. 描述；描寫
• The students described their teacher as（把……描述為……）a kind yet tough lady.
13. worsen vi. 惡化
• The economic situation worsened in the third quarter, and
more people lost their jobs.
worse adj. 更糟；更差
• Pete’s health is going
from bad to worse（每況愈下）, and that worries his
parents.
延伸補充
兩件不好的事發生，後面那一件事比前面那一件更糟時，可用 what is worse,
even worse, worse still。
• I lost my wallet; what was
worse, I was a long way from home.
worse
n. [U] 更糟的狀況
• When the war broke out, the country’s economy took
a turn for the worse（情況變得更壞）.
14. roommate n. [C] 室友 同 flatmate［英］
延伸補充
mate意指「同伴」，所以在同一個班級裡的同學就是classmate，同校同學就是schoolmate。其他還有：teammate（隊友）、playmate（玩伴）、soulmate（靈魂伴侶）。
15. discover vt. 發現 同 find, find out
• A study discovered that garlic could be used
to treat or prevent various diseases.
延伸補充
(1) cover 即「覆蓋物」，字首dis- 即 away；將覆蓋物移開，就可以「發現」了。同理，另一個字uncover，字首un- 表否定，所以意思就是「打開蓋子、發現」。
(2) 比較discover, learn, find out的區別：
discover：發現別人知道但自己還不知道的事，或首次發現已經存在的事物。
• Columbus discovered North America
in the late fifteenth century.
‚ learn：藉由研究或詢問而得知訊息。
• After a detailed
investigation, the police learned that the murder had been committed a month
earlier.
ƒ find out：偶然間獲悉或經由研究、詢問得知訊息。
• After a few dates, the girl
found out that the man was a detective who was trying
to obtain information from her.
discovery n. [C,U] 發現
• A falling apple led to
Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity.
• Scientists were excited by
the discovery of water on Mars.
16. energy n. [U,C] 活力；元氣；精力；[U] 能源
• Carrie is always full of energy. She works almost fourteen hours
a day but never looks tired.
• Mr. Clark put/threw all his
energies into his work.
• Compared to other forms of energy, nuclear energy is less expensive.
energetic adj. 有活力的
• After a good night’s sleep,
Jerry felt energetic again and was ready for school.
17. lift vt. 舉起；提起
• Mrs. Lee often felt sad and
lonely, but the occasional calls from her son would lift the old lady’s spirits（提振精神）.
lift n. [C] 提升；鼓舞；提；舉
• After walking around in the
mall all day, Kate did some leg lifts to relax her leg muscles.
字詞搭配
(1) thumb/get
a lift 搭便車
• It is not safe to get a lift from
strangers.
(2) give sb. a lift/ride 讓某人搭便車
• Sometimes my father gives me a lift to school
when he is going to work.
18. plain adj. 簡單的；樸素的；簡樸的；相貌平常的；明白的；（食物）清淡的
• Though Tammy looks rather plain, she has the loveliest
voice I’ve ever heard.
字詞搭配
(1) (in) plain
English （用）簡單明瞭的英文
(2) to be plain
with you 坦白說
(3) it is plain
to us that... 大家都看得出……
19. brick n. [U,C] 磚；磚塊
• Sam is learning how to
build a house, starting from laying the bricks（砌磚）to make a wall.
20. shocked adj. 感到震驚的
shock vt. 使震驚
shocking adj. 令人震驚的
shock n. [U,C] 震驚
• The little boy was in shock after the earthquake.
• The death of Michael
Jackson, the King of Pop, came as a shock
to the world.
延伸補充
(1) shock當名詞時有「休克」之意，中文的「休克」即shock的音譯。
(2) shock也有「電擊」之意，get a shock from the wire就是「碰到電線觸電」。
II 認識字彙
1. lung n. [C] (usually pl.) 肺
• You shouldn’t smoke because
it will damage your lungs.
2. elbow n. [C] 手肘
• It is bad manners to put
your elbows on the table while you
are eating.
字詞搭配
(1) at one’s elbow 在某人手邊
• I always keep a dictionary
at my elbow in case I need to look up a word I don’t know.
(2) get the elbow 被排斥；被攆走
• Ross got the elbow because
no one in the group liked him.
片語
1.
next to 緊鄰；在……旁
延伸補充
next to尚有以下兩種的意思：
(1)「幾乎」
• It is next to impossible to
drive in such heavy fog; you can’t even see the road ahead of you.
(2)「僅次於」
• If you are watching your
weight, tea is the best thing to drink next to water.
2. sit up 坐起身；坐直；端坐
• After weeks of treatment,
the patient is now able to sit up.
延伸補充
(1) sit up 熬夜 同 stay up
• Helen sat up taking care of
her sick child all night.
(2) sit up and take notice 突然關注；突然發生興趣
• Her anger made them sit up
and take notice of her complaints.
(3) sit-up 仰臥起坐
3. on end 連續地；不斷地 同 continuously
• The new project has kept
Jimmy busy for weeks on end.
4. arm in arm 臂挽著臂
延伸補充
類似的用法還有hand in hand（手牽著手）、shoulder to shoulder（肩並肩）、face to face（面對面）、back to back（背靠背）、side by side（並肩、在一起）。
注意 在這種名詞成雙成對出現的片語中，不必加a或the。
5. as soon as 一……就……
同 the
minute, the moment, the instant
注意 as
soon as後面所接的從屬子句代表先發生的動作，主要子句則代表後發生的動作。
文法
(1) As soon as + S'+V", S+V＝Upon +V-ing, S+V
• As soon as he saw me, he
ran away.
→ (Up)on seeing me, he ran away.
(2) 當主要子句為未來式時，as soon as所引領的從屬子句用現在式：
• The discussion will begin
as soon as the chairman arrives.
3. 與醫院有關的英文用語：
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醫師
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dermatologist 皮膚科醫師
psychiatrist 精神科醫師
ophthalmologist 眼科醫師
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診療器材
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stethoscope 聽診器
syringe 針筒
intravenous drip 點滴
scalpel 手術刀
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其他
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NHI card (National Health Insurance) 健保卡
medical records 病歷
caregiver 看護
intensive care unit (ICU) 加護病房
seek medical attention 就醫；就診
take sb. to the emergency room 將某人送急診
receive an IV injection 打點滴
have a bandage on one’s hand 手上包著繃帶
have a blood/urine sample taken 驗血／驗尿
have one’s blood pressure taken 量血壓
get a flu shot 打流感預防針
go on dialysis 洗腎
remain in the hospital under observation 住院觀察
go back for a follow-up 回診
＊介紹有關看病的英文表達：http://tinyurl.com/ofdy3xd
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